Christopher K. Wikle, William B. Leeds, and Mevin B. Hooten

The ocean accounts for more than 70% of planet Earth’s surface, and its processes are critically important to marine and terrestrial life. Ocean ecosystems are strongly dependent on the physical state of the ocean (e.g., transports, mixing, upwelling, runoff, and ice dynamics). As an example, consider the Coastal Gulf of Alaska (CGOA) region (Figure 1).

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